Fallacies are flaws that weaken arguments. A fallacy involves using faulty reasoning or making a "wrong move" in constructing an argument. People often employ fallacies to manipulate or persuade others.
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A red herring is a premise that seems to support the conclusion, but is really irrelevant.
Ex: Cheerios has more vitamins than PC brand Oat Rings; look how nice the box is!
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Attacking the person not the argument
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Suggest there are only two choices, when in fact there are more
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Ex: If vaping is dangerous it would be so sad. Therefore it isn't dangerous.
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Your lack of proof about something’s truth does guarantee its falsity
Your ignorance about something’s falsity doesn't guarantee the truth
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Ex. A lot of people say that Covid isn’t dangerous, so it isn’t++
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Your authority source must be relevant to the issue you are investigating
Ex: Donald trump’s uncle was a doctor so he is definitely right about covid
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Circular reasoning: The premise assumes the conclusion’s truth
Ex: Vaping isn't dangerous so it must be ok to vape
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Not enough data
Ex: There was a study with seven people who vaped and they were all ok, so vaping is not dangerous
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Not link between premises
Ex: Coffee has caffeine. Caffeine is a drug. If you get used to drinking coffee, you will then smoke, then do heroin and overdose. Therefore don't drink coffee.
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A fallacy depending on the double meaning of a word
Ex: I have the right to watch “Law and Orders” and “Criminal minds”. Therefore its right for me to watch these shows.
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